Earth Structures

Exercise Goal: Recognize how bedrock reacts to structural powers starting profound inside Earth. 1. Thoroughly analyze anxiety. In material science, strain is express by twisting caused through the activity of weight on a physical body. It is determined by an adjustment in two body states; starting and last states. The distinction in two states communicates the (numerical) estimation of strain. Strain is equivalent to an adjustment fit as a fiddle of a physical body. Strain can be classified in to two kinds; homogenous and non-homogenous.Homogenous strain is alluded if the strain is equivalent the whole part of the body while non-homogenous strain; the strain is equivalent to a segment of a body. Stress is comparable to drive per unit zone. It is determined by the power of inside powers performing inside a body across nonexistent interior surfaces. This outcomes to remotely applied and body powers. Stress is identified with power while strain is identified with disfigurement. In stre ss-related properties, all materials have temperature subordinate differences.Static liquids bolster the hydrostatic weight; it will stream under shear pressure. Moving thick liquids underpins the dynamic weight (Samaniego â€Å"Stress, strain and deficiency patterns†). 2. Recognize joints and blames. What makes a flaw dynamic? In topography, joint is a crack in a stone mass, which has no balanced. It alludes to non-horizontal development of one side comparative with the other while a shortcoming alludes to a break in rock mass where one side slides along the side past to the next. The structure of a joint structures a strong and hard rock that extends past its versatile modules.In any case, the stone cracks in a plane opposite to the extensional pressure is paralled with compressive pressure. Joints normally exist when disintegration expels overlying rocks. This lessens the compressive burden and permitting the stone to extend horizontally. Moreover, cooling of hot stone mas ses and cooling joints structures (Joint 2007). There are three significant characterizations of shortcomings. These incorporate typical, converse and strike slip issues. The (structural) worries because of plate movements were created after some time and breaks in the hull of the Earth. The stones at lopsided periods break up.This results to quakes. Typical blaming began at the dissimilar limits while invert blaming started at united limits. Ordinary blaming is related with crustal augmentation while turn around blaming is related with crustal shortening. In conclusion, strike-slip blaming started at changed limits (Reches â€Å"Faulting of rocks in three-dimensional strain fields II. Hypothetical analysis†). 3. Clarify what each sort of unconformity infers about the succession of geologic occasions. Four kinds of unconformity incorporate; disconformity, individuality, precise unconformity and paraconformity.Disconformity alludes to an unconformity between equal layers of se dimentary rocks speaking to a time of disintegration. Dissention exists between sedimentary rocks and volcanic rocks. The sedimentary stone lies above and kept on the previous and dissolved volcanic stone. Unconformity alludes to a break in the progression of sedimentary rocks brought about by disintegration. Paraconformity shows up when the beds above and underneath are equal; no disintegration al surface is available. Regardless, the unconformity results to a partition as well as testimony of two stone masses causing the arrangement of geologic occasions (Unconformity 2007).Works Cited â€Å"Joint. † 2007. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, sixth ed. , Columbia University Press. 9 December 2007 < http://www. infoplease. com/ce6/sci/A0826522. html>. Reches, Z. â€Å"Faulting of rocks in three-dimensional strain fields II. Hypothetical investigation. † 31 March 2003. Technophysics. 9 December 2007 < http://www. sciencedirect. com/science? _ob=ArticleURL& ;_udi=B6V72-48894N0-2S&_user=10&_origUdi=B6V9D-3X2HYRH-S&_fmt=high&_coverDate=05%2F20%2F1983&_rdoc=1&_orig=article&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=ca2e0b329475a6f5a70a37b5eda89e86>.Samaniego, A. â€Å"Stress, strain and shortcoming designs. † 30 July 1999. Diary of Structural Geology. 9 December 2007 < http://www. sciencedirect. com/science? _ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9D-3X2HYRH-S&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=715c8aab57dd7baa2d89a90c55869bbd>. â€Å"Unconformity. † Sci-Tech Encyclopedia. 9 December 2007 http://www. answers. com/subject/unconformity? cat=technology.

Greek Mythology: Naricissus relevancy to today Essay

Numerous stories have been recounted Narcissus, the child of a divine being who tumbled to his risk because of his own vanity and love for himself. The story is advised by The Mythology Guide, and this is the means by which it goes: Narcissus was unfeeling not in the situation of Echo alone. He avoided the remainder of the sprites as he had done poor Echo. One day a lady, who had futile attempted to pull in him, articulated a petition that he may some time or other feel what it was to love and meet no arrival of warmth. The avenging goddess heard and allowed theâ prayer. There was a reasonable wellspring, with water like silver, to which the shepherds never drove their herds. Nor did the mountain goats resort to it, nor any of the mammoths of the timberland; nor was it damaged with fallen leaves or branches; however the grass became new around it, and the stones protected it from the sun. Here came one day the adolescent exhausted with chasing, warmed and parched. He stooped down to drink, and saw his own picture in the water; he thought it was some lovely water soul living in the wellspring. He stood looking with appreciation at those brilliant eyes, those locks twisted like the locks of Bacchus or Apollo, theâ rounded cheeks, the ivory neck, the separated lips, and the gleam of wellbeing and exercise over all. He experienced passionate feelings for himself. He brought his lips close to take a kiss; he plunged his arms in to grasp the adored article. It fled at the touch, yet returned again after a second and reestablished the interest. He was unab le to tear himself away; he lost all idea of food or rest, while he floated over the edge of the wellspring looking at his own picture. He chatted with the alleged soul: â€Å"Why, lovely being, do you evade me? Clearly my face isn't one to repulse you. The fairies love me, and you yourself look not unconcerned upon me. At the point when I stretch forward my arms you do likewise; and you bless me and answer my beckonings with the like.† His attacks the water and upset the picture. As he saw it withdraw, he shouted, â€Å"Stay, I beseech you! Let me at any rate look at you, in the event that I may notâ touch you.† With this, and substantially more of a similar kind, he valued the fire that devoured him, so that by degrees he lost his shading, his energy, and the excellence which once in the past had so enchanted the sprite Echo. She kept close to him, notwithstanding, and when he shouted, â€Å"Alas! Alas!† she addressed him with similar words. He pined away and kicked the bucket; and when his shadeâ passed the Stygian stream, it hung over the vessel to get a look of itself in the waters. The sprites grieved for him, particularly the water-fairies; and when they destroyed their bosoms, Echo destroyed hers moreover. They arranged a memorial service heap, and would have consumed the body, however it was mysteriously gone; yet in its place a bloom, purple inside, and encompassed with white leaves, which bears the name and jam the memory of Narcissus.(paraphrased from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Book III, Narcissus and Echo, lines 477-745) Vanity and the requirement for outward excellence must have consistently been an issue in the lives of people for this account of Narcissus to sound accurate even today. The Merriam Webster word reference characterizes magnificence as, â€Å"The quality that offers delight to the brain or faculties and is related with so much properties as congruity of structure or shading, greatness of creativity, honesty, and originality.† Interesting definition considering what people make progress toward in what they accept to be excellent. The web, magazines, TV and the motion pictures mention to us what we ought to resemble and what we ought to make progress toward. What all the agitation toward flawlessness has implied is billions of dollars went through with in the realm of plastic medical procedure. An individual that is disappointed with their outward appearance can without much of a stretch have any part worked on, or loaded up with fat, or infused with silicon or collagen and viola, flawlessness! Well not actually, in certainty a great many people that have plastic medical procedure need more. As indicated by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, â€Å"43% of all patients have two and three systems done inside the initial three years of their first procedure.† The main technique in the Unites States in 2003 was Rhinoplasty, which is the reshaping of the nose. 300,000 Americans had this typeâ of medical procedure, with Liposuction running a nearby second taking 300,000 twenty individuals having their fat sucked out from various regions of their bodies. Leaving bosom inserts, stomach tucks and eye cover lifts coming in next with more than 800,000 medical procedures done per year. A fourth of all bosom inserts are later expelled in view of entanglements or worry of future inconveniences. A large number of the individuals talked with express that they need these medical procedures so they can rest easy thinking about themselves, however more frequently then not it appears that it is progressively about what others think. This carries us to media and the weight for excellence that is shot into our lounges day by day. TV programs, for example, The Swan, as far as anyone knows takes, self-declared â€Å"ugly ducklings† and they are given the one of a kind chance to understand their fantasies on an unscripted arrangement that transforms a fantasy into the real world. In its first season, THE SWAN turned into the No. 1 makeover appear on TV among Adults 18-49. THE SWAN vows to take ladies who are trapped in an endless cycle and revives them by uncovering their excellence and certainty. It offers them an unfathomable chance to experience physical, mental and passionate changes and finishes them the procedure. This arrangement comes full circle in an astounding exhibition in which one lady eventually is delegated â€Å"The Swan.† Each contender is doled out a group of pros †a mentor, advisor, coach, corrective specialist, and dental specialist †who cooperate to plan the perfect separ ately custom-made program for her. The group helps the hopefuls in a general change that isn't just about physical change. Two challengers, who vie for a spot in the expo finale, are highlighted in each scene. The uncovers of their individual changes are particularly sensational in light of the fact that the ladies are not allowed to see themselves in a mirror during the three-month process. In this way, in addition to the fact that they find out who has been chosen to contend in the Swan Pageant and who will return home to her family, however they see themselves again just because. This sounds so innocuous while being extraordinary. Are these ladies extremely odd ones out and as indicated by who? The depiction of the show seems like it may be really helping individuals rest easy thinking about themselves. It is the procedure and rivalry that makes the entire thought somewhat unappealing to such a significant number of not toâ mention narcissistic, for toward the finish of each show the ladies at last get the chance to see themselves following three months of eating less junk food, work out, plastic medical procedure from head to toe, tooth dying or facade, hair shading, trimming, and make-up, to uncover, â€Å"I’m so pretty† and afterward a large number of them state to the host of the show that they can not quit taking a gander at themselves. They are appreciating the outside appearance that has quite recently taken a colossal change. At that point at long last there must be one Swan and obviously the other sixteen finalists are left to feel like they were sufficiently bad or lovely enough to be picked, and all however they rehashed themselves they have been dropped down to be washouts once more. Like The Swan is a makeover appear on MTV called I Want a Famous Face, where individuals have plastic medical procedure to resemble their preferred VIP. Shows, for example, these accidentally train individuals that it is adequate to change their bodies so other will be more joyful with the manner in which they look, thus that they can cherish themselves for the main occasions in their lives. In nowadays of plastic medical procedure to rethink ourselves there would not be an equalization known to mankind without a mental finding for these sorts of practices. Merriam Webster’s Dictionary portrays Narcissism as, â€Å"excessive love or profound respect of oneself, or a mental condition described without anyone else distraction, absence of sympathy, and oblivious shortfalls in confidence. Some narcissism could be solid, â€Å"an individual’s presence would be in risk if some narcissistic attributes were absent. These attributes shield the inner self from extreme harm dispensed by others.†(7,Vankin) For this situation it tends to be defensive to have some self esteem and generally speaking it is essential to have a solid mental self portrait. Vankin proceeds to additionally clarify what genuine narcissism is, an example of characteristics and practices which connote captivation and fixation on one’s self to the avoidance of all others and the pompous and heartless quest for one’s satisfaction, predominance and desire. As per Vankin, most narcissists (75%) are men. Sam Vankin, Ph.D. has composed a book regarding the matter of Narcissim, entitiled, Magnificent Self Love, in this book he depicts narcissism as a character issue with discernable characteristics. Feels gaudy and affected (e.g., overstates accomplishments and gifts to the point of lying, requests to be perceived as prevalent without equivalent accomplishments) Is fixated on dreams of boundless achievement, notoriety, fearsome force or power, unparalleled splendor (the cerebral narcissist), real magnificence or sexual execution (the physical narcissist), or perfect, everlasting, all-overcoming affection or energy Immovably persuaded that the individual in question is one of a kind and, being uncommon, must be comprehended by, should just be treated by, or partner with, other extraordinary or one of a kind, or high-status individuals (or establishments) Requires over the top profound respect, applause, consideration and certification †or, bombing that, wishes to be dreaded and to be infamous (narcissistic gracefully) Feels entitled. Anticipates preposterous or unique and good need treatment. Requests programmed a

The Youngs modulus of the copper wire Essay Example for Free

The Youngs modulus of the copper wire Essay Along these lines, having done the fundamental, I believe that my expectations lie on the right lines. It is ideal to utilize a flimsy wire, on the grounds that a thick wire would not extend as much for a similar power, however I need to think about security, in light of the fact that the wire snaps and on the grounds that it is under strain, it whips back and can cause some harm if the understudy falls in contact with it. In this manner, under these conditions, it is important to wear security goggles. On the off chance that we are utilizing a thick wire, you will find that we will include a huge burden. In the event that the wire snaps, similar risks would occur as referenced above yet, the weight dropping to the floor will make harm the toes and so on, if the weight falls on the foot, so keep a sheltered separation when the additional heap is included. Try not to ADD THE WEIGHTS QUICKLY AS THE WIRE IS SENSITIVE WHEN THERE IS ALREADY A LARGE FORCE APPLIED ON IT. The vernier scale is delicate, so we need to give specific consideration to how much power we apply, in light of the fact that the greatest augmentation, which can be perused, relies upon the size of the scale. Because of the expansion in the normal cross-sectional zone, which influences the augmentation in the wire, we have to expand the exactness of the readings by taking rehashes, utilizing diverse wire of a similar distance across, and again take estimations of the breadth, with utilization of the micrometer. This builds the dependability of the outcomes and consequently the Youngs modulus of the copper wire. The vernier scale technique is considerably more exact than the clip and pulley strategy, which could have been utilized also, yet as we are focusing on precision it is ideal to utilize the vernier scale technique. The investigation is to be directed under room temperature, on the grounds that the temperature of the wire whether cold or hot decreases the precision of the outcomes, the wire extends increasingly under warm conditions in light of the fact that the wire is less hardened than if it was in cold or even room temperature of 23 oC. I should assess potential mistakes, for example, the zero blunder in gear, and other irregular and deliberate mistakes, which can happen. I will attempt to abstain from making the parallax blunders, (the mistake which happens when the eye isn't set straightforwardly inverse a scale when a perusing is being taken). This can be made on perusing off a ruler. The understanding mistakes (the blunder because of the mystery associated with taking a perusing from a scale when perusing lies between the scale divisions, and the zero blunder (the mistake which happens when an estimating instrument doesn't demonstrate zero when it should), which can be conceivable on the vernier scale. In the event that the zero mistake occurs, at that point I will change the instrument to understand zero or the erroneous zero perusing ought to be taken and ought to be included or deducted from some other perusing taken. Now and then the meter rules have worn edges thus I will gauge from 10cm rather than 0cm. As the wire is extended, the width of the copper wire diminishes, we get plastic distortion before it snaps, for instance in the event that we take a gander at a copper bar as a huge scope to the dainty wire you can see from the underneath that the copper pole necked before it broke. This happens in light of the fact that metals like copper, (above) are malleable they can have huge plastic misshapenings without cracking. It happens in light of the fact that iotas move, as the plastic misshapening in the gem structure move, to place of lower pressure. The copper becomes more slender when iotas move away from the focused on part. The pressure at that point increments in light of the fact that the cross-sectional region is presently diminished. This expands the flexible stream thus the metal yields and gets more slender and more slender. When plastic twisting beginnings, molecules will keep on streaming with no expansion in stress. This extending under a consistent burden is called creep. The diminishing of a wire/pole is called necking. There is likewise the issue that the kg masses may not gauge the given worth, there is a little possibility this would be mistaken, the best way to discover is by gauging the mass utilizing an electronic scale, which is exact to 0. 001g. List of sources Material science For You By Keith Johnson Dictionary of Science By C. Stockley Simmone Hewett C. Oxlade Sue Holt J. Weitheim John Miller Physics 1 By David Sang Keith Gibbs Robert Hutchings Science Desk Reference By Patricia barnes-Svarney www. s-cool. co. uk www. allmeasures. com Encarta 2002 AS Physics Assessed Practical (Skill P) Elasticity of a Copper wire By Priyesh Patel 12O 1 Show see just The above see is unformatted content This understudy composed bit of work is one of numerous that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism area.

Types of Newspapers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sorts of Newspapers - Essay Example There are various sorts of papers and they can be ordered in various manners. Arrangement dependent on recurrence The recurrence of the paper being distributed is one of the most well-known methods of ordering the paper. In light of the recurrence of its distributions papers can be characterized into: Daily Newspapers This is the most widely recognized sort of papers. Day by day papers are distributed ordinary and spread significant news from the earlier day. It likewise conveys data in regards to the present day. Day by day papers are the most coursed and perused in the entire world. Ordinarily it is distributed meaning to arrive at the peruser regular morning. The intended interest group of an every day paper is vas. They focus on each market fragments which incorporates all segment profile. Be that as it may, there are additionally evening and night papers that convey breaking news from the present day and are focused on office laborers and workers (Ric Publications, 1993). Instan ces of every day papers are New York Times, New York Post, Washington Post, and so on. Every other week Newspapers Bi-Weekly papers are distributed two times per week and can be general or substance explicit paper. These papers by and large decipher or set forward the news in an alternate manner. They do an inside and out inclusion of general news when contrasted with every day papers and style of revealing is additionally unique. The intended interest group may differ contingent upon what the paper is covering. Fortnightly papers can be network or a gathering explicit paper which just focus on the news identified with the network or the gathering. The Dartmouth Review is a case of a fortnightly paper which is distributed two times every week at Dartmouth College. It focuses on news identified with the school. The Jewish Journal is another case of an every other week paper which is a network supported paper and covers news identified with the Jewish people group. Week by week Newspa per Weekly papers are distributed once in seven days. These have littler course than every day papers. They essentially spread neighborhood news and network based news. They are typically based and restricted littler regions, for example, towns and urban areas. There are exceptionally less national level week after week papers. They receive a specialty system and focus on a particular market. For instance a week by week paper may target just games, promoting (free advertisements), and so on. Instances of week after week papers are Florida week after week, Honolulu Weekly, and so forth. Characterization dependent on the news secured Newspapers can likewise be arranged dependent on the news that they spread. They can be chiefly ordered into: National Newspapers National paper is one which flows all through the nation. Every nation has papers that have their essence in the whole nation. They predominantly spread the national news and the global news. The .neighborhood news is additiona lly shrouded yet not in detail. Updates on national significance is given essential significance and compensates for most of the news secured. The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal are instances of national papers. Global Newspapers There are very few papers that can be ordered as worldwide papers. To be a universal paper the paper must focus essentially on global news which very few papers do. Universal Herald Tribune is one of the papers that can be ordered. Additionally there are some national papers who discharge the universal releases of their papers. Provincial/neighborhood Newspapers Regional or nearby papers target territorial news

Madeleine Leininger's Transcultural Nursing Theory Research Paper

Madeleine Leininger's Transcultural Nursing Theory - Research Paper Example During her initial nursing profession, Leininger distinguished the need and significance of â€Å"caring† idea in nursing. She got her inspiration from visit grateful proclamations from her patients. This went about as an elbowroom to her attention on ‘care’ just like a significant or focal nursing part. She encountered what she named as a social stun during the 1950s while filling in as a kid control in children’s home. She understood that specific kids personal conduct standards seemed to have social premise. She likewise perceived and understood that the missing connect to nursing’s appreciation of the few varieties important in understanding consideration improve and bolster recuperating, consistence, just as, wellbeing. The bits of knowledge went about as the beginnings of a marvel and develop identified with nursing care known as transcultural nursing. Leininger is the author of the famous transcultural nursing development in instruction practi ce and research. She characterized transcultural nursing as a â€Å"substantive region of study and practice concentrated on near social consideration esteems, and practices of people or gatherings of comparable or various societies with the objective of giving society explicit and all inclusive nursing care rehearses in advancing wellbeing or prosperity or to assist individuals with confronting ominous human conditions, ailment, or demise in socially significant ways† (Leininger, 1989). ... It underscores on the all inclusiveness and assorted variety with a point of giving socially related and wholistic care (Leininger and McFarland, 2006). The hypothesis is, in any case, not a stupendous one since it has certain measurements to evaluate for a given picture. It is an exhaustive and wholistic approach, which has given a room to a more extensive and more extensive nursing than anticipated with a reductionist and center range approach. The hypothesis has a job of giving the necessary consideration measures while thinking about an individual or patient’s social convictions, qualities and practices. Leininger concocted and instituted the crucial objective or point of transcultural practice in nursing. She alluded to it as socially consistent consideration. It is just conceivable on the event of the accompanying inside the customer nurture relationship: the medical caretaker, together with the customer, characterizes inventively an alternate or new way of life for the prosperity or wellbeing of the customer. This requires the utilization and use of both expert and conventional information and courses so as to fit these differing and new thoughts into nursing practice and objectives. Another significant and unavoidable part of this hypothesis is that information and abilities are regularly re-designed for the client’s wellbeing. This infers all consideration modalities and means need co-support of the customer and the medical caretaker. The two need to perform distinguishing proof, arranging, usage, and assessment of every method of thinking about socially compatible or related nursing care. The modes regularly animate medical attendants to think of and configuration proper nursing choices and activities with the utilization of the gained new information, just as, the socially based approaches to give fulfilling and significant wholistic care to different

7 Top Theories on Why We Dream

7 Top Theories on Why We Dream More in Psychology Sleep and Dreaming Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Is a Dream? What Purpose Do Dreams Serve? Psychoanalytic Theory of Dreams Activation-Synthesis Model of Dreaming Information-Processing Theories Other Theories of Dreams Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to empirical research and concentrated scientific study. Chances are that you’ve often found yourself puzzling over the mysterious content of a dream, or perhaps you’ve wondered why you dream at all. 1:49 7 Theories on Why We Dream What Is a Dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts, and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening imagery; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing. What Purpose Do Dreams Serve? So while we all dream, what do psychologists have to say about why we dream? While many theories have been proposed, no single consensus has emerged. Considering the enormous amount of time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose  while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being. Ernest Hoffman, director of the Sleep Disorders Center at Newton-Wellesley Hospital in Boston, Mass., suggested in Scientific American  (2006) that ...a possible (though certainly not proven) function of a dream to be weaving new material into the memory system in a way that both reduces emotional arousal and is adaptive in helping us cope with further trauma or stressful events. Next, let’s learn more about some of the most prominent dream theories. Psychoanalytic Theory of Dreams Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud’s theory of dreams suggested that dreams represented  unconscious desires, thoughts, and motivations. According to Freud’s psychoanalytic view of personality, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, Freud suggested that they find their way into our awareness via dreams. In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud wrote that dreams are ...disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes. He also described two different components of dreams: manifest content and latent content. Manifest content is made up of the actual images, thoughts, and content contained within the dream  while the latent content represents the hidden psychological meaning of the dream. Freud’s theory contributed to the popularity of dream interpretation, which remains popular today. However, research has failed to demonstrate that the manifest content disguises the real psychological significance of a dream. Activation-Synthesis Model of Dreaming The activation-synthesis model of dreaming was first proposed by J. Allan Hobson and Robert McClarley in 1977. According to this theory, circuits in the brain become activated during REM sleep, which causes areas of the limbic system involved in emotions, sensations, and memories, including the amygdala and hippocampus, to become active. The brain synthesizes and interprets this internal activity and attempts to find meaning in these signals, which results in dreaming.  This model suggests that dreams are a subjective interpretation of signals generated by the brain during sleep. While this theory suggests that dreams are the result of internally generated signals, Hobson does not believe that dreams are meaningless. Instead, he suggests that dreaming is …our most creative conscious state, one in which the chaotic, spontaneous recombination of cognitive elements produces novel configurations of information: new ideas. While many or even most of these ideas may be nonsensical, if even a few of its fanciful products are truly useful, our dream time will not have been wasted. How Does the Activation-Synthesis Model Explain Dreams? Information-Processing Theories One of the major theories to explain why we sleep is that sleep allows us to consolidate and process all of the information that we have collected during the previous day. Some dream experts suggest that dreaming is simply a by-product or even an active part of this information-processing.  As we deal with the multitude of information and memories from the daytime, our sleeping minds create images, impressions, and narratives to manage all of the activity going on inside our heads as we slumber. Other Theories of Dreams Many other theories have been suggested to account for the occurrence and meaning of dreams. The following are just of few of the proposed ideas: One theory suggests that dreams are the result of our brains trying to interpret external stimuli during sleep. For example, the sound of the radio may be incorporated into the content of a dream.Another theory uses a computer metaphor to account for dreams. According to this theory, dreams serve to clean up clutter from the mind, much like clean-up operations in a computer, refreshing the mind to prepare for the next day.Yet another model proposes that dreams function as a form of psychotherapy. In this theory, the dreamer is able to make connections between different thoughts and emotions in a safe environment.A contemporary model of dreaming combines some elements of various theories. Activating the brain creates loose connections between thoughts and ideas, which are then guided by the emotions of the dreamer. Dreams are the touchstones of our characters. - Henry David Thoreau

ADHD in the United States - Free Essay Example

Did you know that there has been a 42% increase in ADHD diagnosis over the past 8 years as well as more than 5% of children in the United States are being treated for ADHD with medication? That means that 6.4 million american children from age 4 to 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD! Research states that those living below the poverty line are more susceptible to have ADHD. The fact that the conditions Attention Deficit Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Oppositional defiant disorder have become more prevalent in our society should make every American question the reasons as to why these disorders were never such a big issue hundreds of years ago. If we look back in American history, we only start to see true diagnosis and treatment of such conditions in the mid 50s and even then, the condition was vaguely diagnosed. When using the same diagnostic criteria (DSM) to diagnose children in other countries, the widespread presence of these disorders were slightly lower, but the criteria is so general, that if the world population took the diagnostic criteria, more than a third of the world would fall victim to these disorders and would have to be placed on medications to treat their symptoms. The thing that boggles my mind is how fast these doctors are willing to prescribe such medications to patients who have only been attending their care for a short period of time. There is rarely any precautionary statements that parents are told as far as the dangers of these manufactured medications that are so widely being administered to children across the US. The pharmaceutical companies simply want the parents to buy the medications to help better their childrens lives. This way of retailing their poison is to the population stimulates a sense of unnoticed inferiority so that the anti authoritarian minds, that could possibly change the world, are hushed out of existence and is instead drugged by authoritarians to assist people that supposedly have disabilities. The absurdity of such brainwashing is only meant to fill the pockets of the elite with their answer to all your problems pill and dumb down the future revolutionists. The dark lies that they have been telling poor victim s that can barely afford medications for every little problem that they supposedly have must be exposed. It is unbelievable to see the radical shift that has been taking place in this country ever since Big Pharma has been supposedly treating people to help them with their problems. If a child has too much fun playing and is running around, give him some ritalin; if a man is unhappy with his size, give him a magical pill to reduce the size of his body. Unfortunately, there are many doctors that do not devote their time to the patients they have for to be consistent in checking in with the well being of their patients and instead care about the money they will get by prescribing medication. Most doctors dont want to see anyone suffer, so it is our instinct to really try to help people, Avitzur said. At the same time, were very busy nowadays in practices, and patients dont get the same face-to-face time that perhaps they did 10, 20 years ago. And so in a way its easier to write a prescription than to have to go into a lengthy discussion about why Im not going to write you a prescription ( Cohn). Some of these Doctors shouldnt be considered Doctors if they simply went to school to gain the right to prescribe life changing medication to their patients. There has to be a different approach that doctors must take if they truly want to be faithful to their patients. Doctors should first and foremost be an ear to hear out the situation and should help their patients understand that prescribed medication is the last resort to assist them with their problem. Depression runs rampant in our ever increasing authoritarian society, and it only gets worse because it is being treated by professionals as a dire condition and is in some cases as a disease. To sum up what doctors think of depression, to them it is a mental health disorder characterized by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities, causing significant impairment in daily life. People who are experiencing depression were never born with this mental health disorder, something triggered their depression, and everyone can get over depression because it is simply prolonged sadness. Many depressed people choose to stay in that state of mind, some of them may rely on medications to cure them of their condition, and others decide to find something in their walk of life that will a ssist them to get over whatever they are going through. A study on depression reveals that, To better understand how depression arises, the researchers looked for specific causes within the brain cells. This led them to a small organelle found within brain cells called mitochondria. Mitochondria are the main source of energy for cells, but they also help to regulate brain function (Frontiers). There are numerous studies on herbal remedies that can raise ATP production in the brain such as D-Ribose and Black Ant Extract that will assist in overall health, but it will not eliminate all of your problems, nothing will, they are merely meant to assist you with health and boost your positive attitude if you have one. Instead of some doctors doing hard research to prove their case, they want to hear whatever scratches their itching ears so they can just look at you silly and shut you up with a prescription to a medication that will essentially worsen your problems while smiling and saying everything will be alright if you take this pill and come back for refills. Most doctors nowadays do not want to hear the words, what are the side effects? It is unfortunate that many doctors just want money in their pockets so they give you whatever will temporarily relieve your prob lems. The corruption of these pharmaceutical companies do not get as much attention as they should, especially due to the large scale production and distribution rate of these brain altering chemicals in the United States alone. The doctors who are administering these drugs rarely divert the attention of their patients to other remedies that can not only be beneficial to their health, but also to assist their ability to recover. What a better way to maintain the status quo than to view inattention, anger, anxiety, and depression as biochemical problems of those who are mentally ill rather than normal reactions to an increasing authoritarian society. Do we really want to diagnose and medicate everyone with deficits in rule governed behavior? Americans have been increasingly socialized to equate inattention, anger, anxiety, and immobilizing despair with a medical condition and to seek medical treatment rather that political remedies (Levine). If we take a step back and look at the rate at which opioids have taken the lives of people across the US, we realize that along with these opioid related deaths, there is an almost identical overprescription rate of opioids to civilians who have do not need such drugs fo r their whatever injury or condition they have. Opioids are not the only drugs destroying lives of people around us, but also drugs such as Adderall and Ritilin being prescribed to people who supposedely have ADHD and ADD. The reasons why doctors could possibly be following the patterns of their fellow co-workers is speculated to be due to a large influence of ideas in a local social network known as small area variation, which basically refers to the fact that doctors in similar communities make treatment decisions simply based on the habits and practices of those in their immediate vicinity. These studies suggest that physician behavior is therefore influenced by social signals and not always governed by evidence, best practice, or guidelines. Its highly likely that patterns of both antibiotic and opioid prescription are similarly subject to this same kind of social network effect (Gorman). There needs to be some form of variation in opinion for these doctors to make a substantial impact in their community and do their jobs the correct way. If the world is full of doctors who are insane, there would not be any change in it. We live in the age of technological advancements and where we have access to any particular piece of information in the world at our fingertips, but yet many of us solely look to the authoritarians for their guidance and not at the abundance of resources at our expense. The term mentally ill has been redefined to fit the perception of those who have the right to diagnose individuals as mentally ill. Authoritarians, by definition, demand unquestioning obedience, and so any resistance to their diagnosis and treatment created enormous anxiety for authoritarian mental health professionals feeling out of control, labeling them noncompliant with treatment, increased the severity of their diagnosis and jacked up their medications (Levine). When society attempts to address these issues and question authority, they are treated as enemies of the state and cannot express the truth or even assist families that just want to be cared for and not treated as lab rats. The main issues that we need to be addressing are the roots of the problems these people are having trouble dealing with, not just giving drugs to temporarily suppress them. If society is full of authoritarians, then freedom will be exempt from our vocabulary as well as the future Einsteins and Martin Luther King Jr.s. A highly controversial topic that has already been studied, that has been in denial by pharmaceutical practicioners is the debate on whether or not ADHD medications cause long-term side effects that can be detrimental to overall health. Using logic, we know that every single man made drug affects us negatively some way, shape, or form. The damage may be minute depending on the drug and its purpose, but it will alter the chemistry in our brain forever. There have been various studies on numerous ADHD medications, one being methylphenidate, which is otherwise known as Ritalin which is commonly recommended to children with ADHD. One study states that 1% of children on the medication has had adverse events rated as serious included psychotic symptoms, cardiac arrhythmia, and death. Storeb and the other researchers noted the high prevalence of other side effects as well, such as insomnia and appetite suppression, which occurred in more than half of the children taking the drug (Simons). This study alone should strike fear in the minds of every parent who is fully aware that their child is being medicated with such medication. This places a dark overtone as to what these medications are capable of doing as well as how they can change the life of an innocent child who is unaware of the true reason as to why he is on such medications in the first place. According to the authors: We found that studies funded by pharmaceutical companies had a much lower proportion of both serious and non-serious adverse events. This is worrying, as it shows that adverse events are underestimated in industry-sponsored studies, con? ¬?rming ? ¬?ndings from previous systematic reviews (Simons). Of course we would see a large scale coverup on the studies done by the pharmaceutical companies themselves because they simply want to make a quick buck by having it being prescribed to children. Money equals power and if they have the power to hush the truth from being spread by these many whis tle blowers, then they will do so without remorse because they are gaining an average of $515 billion per year. Some of the side effects that are caused due to taking prescribed ADHD, ADD, and medications for depression are not only affecting the individual taking them themselves, but the people around them as well. Yes we may see the child who is having an adverse side effect from such medications which may have a parent make a cry for help for seeing their child suffer, but there are other circumstances in which the child and or adolescent may affect the world around them. On February 5, 2010, in Huntsville Alabama, a student named Hammad Memon who was only 15 years old, shot and killed another middle school student while being treated with anti-depressants and ADHD medication for years prior to the incident. In January 19, 2007, a teenage named John Odgren stabbed a student in his highschool in the boys bathroom with a kitchen knife to death. His father while in court gave evidence that his son was being prescribed Ritalin. These are just a small percentage of horrific stories that have occ urred within the past 20 years alone. In an article on antidepressants, In a study of thirty-one drugs that are disproportionately linked to reports of violence toward others, five of the top ten are antidepressants. These are Prozac, Paxil, Luvox, Effexor and Pristiq. Two other drugs that are for treating ADHD are also in the top ten which means these are being given to children who could then become violent. One could conclude from this study alone that antidepressants cause both suicidal thoughts and violent behavior. This is a prescription for mass shootings(CCHR). We should be more aware of the likelihood of incidents of mass shootings and suicide occuring when people take such medications. Just remember, these doctors are prescribing people a concoction of mind altering drugs that change lives forever. Treating ADHD, ADD, and depression with homeopathic remedies can make a positive impact not only in ones health, but also how they react to their condition. Taking vitamin and mineral supplements such as vitamin B6 and 12, zinc and iron, vitamin C and magnesium can greatly increase productivity, attention span, and increases the production of dopamine in the brain to give pleasure to the more productive. Overall, diet has makes one of the biggest contributions to how someone with ADHD and depression react to everyday life. Eating regularly (yet not constantly snacking) helps to control blood sugar. This helps to avoid focus and attention issues, irritability, and low physical energy that come with unstable blood sugar levelsSome ADHD characteristics make eating regularly challenging. For example, hyper-focusing might mean you forget to eat because you are so engrossed in your activity. Tasks like meal planning and grocery shopping can be difficult. In addition, ADHD medication can suppress your appetite (Sinfield). If an individual who has been diagnosed with ADHD and is prescribed medications and has great expectations that the medication will solve their attention span and hyperactivity problems, yet eats processed, man made, genetically modified foods all day everyday for many years, that person will never get off the medication and will most likely be recommended to take other medications for help larger problems they are creating for themselves. If someone else decides to take the self medication route by not taking any medications prescribed to them by doctors and they eat live foods, nutrient rich and antioxidant based superfoods, regularly gets excersise and has a good sleep/wake cycle, then i am positive that that person will never need to take prescribed medications a day in their life because they are positively impacting their future health by being aware of their circumstances and everything they do with and put th eir body through. The DSM 5 criteria that is used to diagnose someone with ADHD can probably be used to diagnose every single person in the United States alone with ADHD. Everyone has their own unique personality and can live life without being supported by a crutch that doctors are offering to supposedely assist people with their everyday lives. Human beings are aware that life is an emotional roller coaster and with highs and lows. Just because someone is going through something in a low part of their life, does not mean that it should define who that individual is as a person. Everyone should live their God given life here on earth with the personality they have developed into without strings being attached to the hands of an ever increasing authoritarian community of elites that assist in governing the lives of the innocent. When we have authoritarians limiting our access to knowledge by dumbing the general population down with such medications, we have a large scale epidemic of pandemonium that r oars through a society full of ostriches. We need to educate people, if they are willing of course, to be more aware about what these pharamacuetical companies are doing to human beings and how they are reshaping and worsening the future we will one day live in.